David Bentley Hart on evil
"A world in which the suffering of children were morally intelligible or necessary, or were willed by God would not be a reality worth inhabiting and would not involve a God worth worshipping. So the shear defiance, the kind of rebellious, the revolutionary defiance of the principalities, the powers, the cosmic frame - the almost ridiculous early Christian denial of the things that, say, Stoicism resigns itself to, speaks to me very powerfully."
Complete interview over at Centre for Public Christianity.
Bloggers in the pulpit
I don't know anything about this, nor am I terribly interested in it, but Michael Kaus, a leading political blogger in America, is running for Senate. The Daily Dish quotes James Joyner's very convincing argument for why bloggers never will become politicians.
It seems to me that the chief barrier to bloggers getting elected to public office isn’t so much their typically introverted personalities or lack of access to money but the mere fact that we’ve accumulated a long paper (pixel?) trail of recording every fool thought that’s passed through our minds over the last several years. Even bright, thoughtful, decent types like Douthat and Klein — and Lord knows, Kaus and Joyner — have written things that would kill a campaign dead, dead, dead if it showed up in an attack ad.
Makes sense. And I think the same thing applies for prospective pastors.
Blogging is informal. It's not rigourous. It's not considered. Not elegant. It gets emotional and heated. It gets funny and irreverent. It gets personal. For every measured comment there are ten half thoughts and hunches. The readers knows this and the game proceeds with these rules. Fine.
But what about the church committee? I'm thinking both of content and form here. Churches obviously want a pastor who tows the party line theologically, so to speak. A reformed church doesn't want a pastor entertaining aspects of open theism. Most baptist churches probably don't want someone who has Tony Jones in his blogroll. What if you flirt with universalism? Reject the sinfulness of gay sex? Accept evolution? Given the informal nature of blogs, theological thoughts are thrown out there and forgotten about that may come back to haunt the prospective pastor. Most bloggers are young and curious and change their minds. Something you wrote years ago and don't even believe anymore may cause you trouble.
That's the content. Then there's the form. Say you see a Mark Driscoll video and dish out a few expletives, as is perfectly natural to do. That's obviously not the tone you'd use in the pulpit or while counselling parishioners, but can the hiring committee trust you on that? What if you share intimate details of your former life in sin? What if you link to content on a page which also has some dirty material? What if you upload a video of you pranking your friend? These are things that might be perceived as problematic in the eyes of church officials.
So, while the scrutiny level for pastors obviously isn't as high as for politicians, I think this might be a legitimate concern. Anyone have any experience? Any stories? Thoughts otherwise?
Does this mean that Tillikum is a murderer?, continued
Apparently he is. And he should be put to death. By stoning.
So says American Family Association,
If the counsel of the Judeo-Christian tradition had been followed, Tillikum would have been put out of everyone's misery back in 1991 and would not have had the opportunity to claim two more human lives.
Says the ancient civil code of Israel, "When an ox gores a man or woman to death, the ox shall be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten, but the owner shall not be liable." (Exodus 21:28)
"Judeo-Christian tradition", you say? It might be a weird example of the Mosaic law, but that hardly qualifies as tradition. But wait, there's more! While in the first instance "the owner shall not be liable" for his killing animal, it's a different story if the animal kills again - which Tilly did, twice.
But, the Scripture soberly warns, if one of your animals kills a second time because you didn't kill it after it claimed its first human victim, this time you die right along with your animal. To use the example from Exodus, if your ox kills a second time, "the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death." (Exodus 21:29)
Watch out, Chuck Tompkins! The head of animal training says that Tilly won't be put down, thus directly doing against God's clear commandment!
SeaWorld is apparently, however, unrepentant. Chuck Thompson (sic), its curator in charge of animal behavior, says Tilly continues to be "a valuable asset not only from a breeding standpoint but from a behavior standpoint, too."
Unrepentant, indeed! I bet he also says "Jehovah" all the time!
Oh well. There's not much you can say about this. It's clearly raving mad. And for more raving madness read American Family Association's Wikipedia page.
Concordism, continued
In light of the previous blog about concordism in Islam, here are some helpful videos explaining what concordism is and why it should be rejected.
First there's Gordon J. Glover, author of Beyond the Firmament, in his really good series on Science and Christian Education very clearly and simply explaining what concordism is.
Here's Denis Lamoureux going into a little more detail about how concordism works in young and old earth creationism respectively, and then explaining how and why evolutionary creation, as he calls it, rejects the idea.
And here again Gordon Glover points out how arbitrary and arrogant and useless concordism really is.
I’jaz: Concordism in Islam
Over at Irtiqa, Salman Hameed very interesting blog about science and Islam, Nihdal Guessoum is guest blogging about the Islamic concept of I'jaz. I'jaz, often called "scientific miracles of the Qu'ran", is the claim that in the Qu'ran there is accurate scientific information. This is miraculous, with its origin in God, because there's no way that this information could have been known at the time. God knew, of course, and the presence of this information thus proves that the Qu'ran is God's word. Here's an article on Islam Online about I'jaz.
Nihdal writes that he is going to deliver a lecture on the subject in Algiers during a conference about “Islam and the Rational Sciences, past and present”. He is critical of I'jaz and was surprised when his lecture topic was accepted. He unfortunately doesn't go into what exactly his critique is, which is too bad, but he promises to do so in the future. I'll report on it when he does.
Below is a slightly modified version of my comment on the blog post, describing my interest in the topic.
I'm approaching this from the outside, as a Christian theologian. And, importantly, as an ex-creationist/IDer. Last year our local mosque here in Aberdeen, Scotland had a couple of open days where they invited curious neighbours to come and visit. My wife and I went and it was a very pleasant experience. Very interesting. Nice people. We were taken from room to room and presented various aspects of the Islamic faith. Among the five pillars, women and family in Islam, Islam and Scotland, there was a section dealing with the topic at hand. Islam and science, I think they just called it, though I distinctly remember "scientific miracles of the Qu'ran" being in the presentation somewhere.
The presentation was basically what Nihdal outlines in the blog. In Christian circles we would call the underlying principle - or assumption, rather - concordism, the belief that the Bible (or in this case, the Qu'ran) aligns perfectly with science. Needless to say, I wasn't very impressed, but I was intrigued. I find the similarities (and differences!) between Christian and Islamic creationism fascinating.
I don't know much about the Qu'ran, but I know Muslims understand it very much in a similar fashion as Christian fundamentalists do the Bible - and, of course, did so way before there were any Christian fundamentalists (though we came up with the term): That it's the directly dictated word of God, literally true and all that. And I know that the claims of Christian creationists about various agreements between the Bible and science are utterly absurd. They do not only stretch the Biblical text beyond recognition, but ironically miss many of the actual "scientific" statements of the Bible, because they want it to be in agreement with modern concepts. The Bible's ancient cosmology, for example, is apparently missed by everyone of them. Of course, they also deny modern concepts, such as biological evolution and geology. As Nihdal says, the methodology is ridiculous. Haphazard and lazy. It doesn't make any sense.
So when I talked to our guide in the mosque, I wasn't exactly impressed, assuming (rightly, I presume) that Christians and Muslims treat their holy books equally badly in this regard.
Does this mean that Tilikum is a murderer?

"Whales and dolphins are intelligent animals," he writes. "That much is clear, not only from the emotional reaction of anyone who was ever looked a whale in the eye - or has been looked at by a whale in turn – but from scientific studies. The sperm whale, for instance, possessed the largest brain of any animal – 18 pounds in weight. Its neo-cortex is highly convoluted, indicating the capability for tool use, communication, and abstract thought. The pre-eminent sperm whale specialist, Dr. Hal Whitehead of Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, believes sperm whales may not only be self-aware, but may have developed their own moral code – even, through that sense of self-awareness, their own concept of religion."
Tilikum, as you might have deduced, is the whale who killed his trainer last week. As it turns out, he has killed twice before. If indeed killer whales have a moral code and are even somehow religious, can we not say that these deaths count as murders?
Thoughts on (the Twitter) abortion
A couple of days ago a story caught my eye: A woman was having an abortion and was livetweeting it. I didn't really pay too much attention. It's just one of those headlines that stands out. So I tweeted too.
Today I read that Angie Jackson, the woman's name, has been viciously attacked on Twitter and internet otherwise for she did. Sky News documents some of those attacks,
But she has been astonished her decision has attracted so much attention and vitriol.
Within minutes of her announcement, she begain receiving angry Tweets.
xalisae: "Scorpion mothers will grab one of their children from their backs and eat it if she gets hungry. So u're @ the same level?"
mrsalbrecht: "With so many pregnancies that beat the odds, how can you be sure that killing your baby is absolutely necessary?
voicesforlife: "u've been an advocate 4death 4 aLongTime"
On her blog, Angie, describes more abuse,
Apparently I'm a murderer, a killer, a Nazi, Hitler (also, from another "prolife" advocate, I'm apparently a "dirty jew"[stet].) I've been told I made my choice when I "opened my legs", "dint giv him the brown hole[stet]" or "have dude cum on youre ugly face". People threatened my son, insulted him, called me a child abuser and told me I don't love my kid. (One threatened to call child services, under the mistaken impression, one supposes, that abortion is illegal, or child abuse.)
I'm not surprised by the reaction. I've long been disturbed by the hate and disgust that permeates much of the pro-life movement. Don't get me wrong, the pro-life movement represents a lot of good things: It's a much needed critique of the way human life is commodified and devalued in our self-centred and consumerist culture. It's also a push back of responsibility against over blown rights talk. Thoughtful pro-lifers - I consider myself to be one - are an extremely important critical voice.
What I am talking about is the visceral emotional animus of many pro-lifers. They really hate abortion. It disgusts them. To a degree, this might be an appropriate reaction. But when it causes someone to demonise another human being, as so many pro-lifers do women who seek out abortions, totally disregarding their concrete situation, problems and needs, it's not appropriate. Abortion is not black and white. It's not easy. It's not something anyone has done for fun.
Which brings us back to Angie Jackson. While her livetweeting is a bit dodgy, yes, and seems like a stunt, she's not an evil, selfish person who can't be bothered having a baby so just gets rid of it. If these people would have bothered to look a bit closer, there's a real chance, I think, that they would find adequate reason to sympathise and not demonise.
Here's why.
1. She already has a child. This super cute little boy, in fact. And he has special needs. We can deduce two things from that: One, she's not lazy and irresponsible, having an abortion because she can't be bothered (as many pro-lifers accuse women who have abortions of being). She's a strong and brave mother for raising her son. And two, there's risk that another child might have special needs too.
2. Her first pregnancy was very difficult. Due to sexual abuse when she was younger, she's physically damaged and wasn't supposed to be able to become pregnant because of that. But she did. As she explains in a Q & A with Frisky,
The last time I was pregnant I had trouble keeping on weight. I was in and out of the hospital for fainting spells and severe nausea. I lost 10 lbs while eight months pregnant from a severe stomach virus. My blood pressure was crashing, I was on bed rest. My heart nearly stopped twice and we lost the fetal heart beat a few times. And I was molested as a child, which I’m very open writing about on my blog, and that did extensive damage that led doctors to say I’d never have children. So my son was a surprise to begin with.
So her life is literally in danger if she gets pregnant. She doesn't say, so I might be mistaken, but it also seems like her physical condition was the reason her son is disabled.
3. She's not rich. She's struggling. One more child, possibly a special needs one, would be a serious strain financially, making it very difficult for her and her boyfriend to provide adequately for the children.
I realise this is personal information and I feel a bit awkward listing it like this. If I've misrepresented Angie, I'm sorry (please point it out, someone, if I did, so I can correct it). But here's the point I'm trying to make. I've found this out by browsing the internet for an hour or two. It didn't take much effort. Angie is a very open person. If the pro-lifers calling her a whore and a murderer would have made the same small effort to actually look a bit closer and not just reading the headlines, I think they would have thought twice before demonising her. Or just once.
The three factors above are, in my opinion as largely pro-life, legitimate reasons for having an abortion. Again, it's not black and white. It's not easy. It's morally hazardous. But when your life is in danger and when the health and well-being of your child is too, abortion, I think, becomes a morally sound option.
But even if you don't think that abortion is an option in any case, however dire the circumstances, at least the three factor above will make you sympathise with the woman and her choice. You understand, even if you don't agree.
It's a good and noble thing to be against abortion. But demonising and threatening people? That's just not right. And it doesn't behove the cause.
Finally, Angie, if you couldn't tell, this Christian sympathises. I don't hate or pity you. I understand. Good luck to all three of you.
Edit: I'm an idiot for forgetting this, but another factor making this abortion an option is the fact that it was done in the 5th week of pregnancy. The foetus at the stage isn't capable of feeling pain. And that's very important.
Belief in absolute truth and likeliness of listening to others

In my interactions with more fundamentalist friends, I've noticed a trend. These friends insist on the existence of absolute truth. They also insist that this absolute truth is knowable and that it's accessible through the Bible. The more they insist on speaking about absolute truth, the more they seem closed off to what others have to say about what they regard as truth.
If someone, on the other hand, thinks absolute truth is unknowable or that the question itself is irrelevant for some reason, I've noticed that they are much more likely to listen to others.
I think it's ironic, because to me the second approach, listening to the experiences and insights of others, seems like a much better way of coming to know truth. So by insisting on absolute truth a person is much more likely to be closed off from the truth they say the seek.
This leads me to conclude that talk of absolute truth is much more about knowing certainty than knowing truth. I know I'm ignoring the history of philosophy here and only focusing on psychology, but come on... We're not trying to find the absolutely truthful analysis of the situation!
Beysus 3:16

(Reference, if you don't know pop culture, to Beyoncé's "Single Ladies (Put A Ring On It)".)
Coyne: Collins should resign just because!
Jerry Coyne, somewhat militant atheist, yesterday argued that Francis Collins, "the most important scientist in the US" according to Coyne himself, should resign.
I say argued. That's pushing it. I'm not very familiar with Coyne, so I apologise if I misrepresent him, but my impression from browsing his blog now and a couple of times in the past, is that my designation of "somewhat militant atheist" is accurate. By militant I mean that he's hostile to religion and would like to see it go away. And that, I think, colours his treatment of what Collins has to say and what he represents.
In this instance Coyne is protesting a book that Collins has edited called Belief: Readings on the Reason for Faith. The book basically argues that faith and reason, including science, aren't in opposition, but are compatible. Coyne disagrees, naturally, and levels a couple of strained, uncharitable and, in my unsurprising opinion, not very convincing arguments against the publisher's description and Collins' introduction.
But the arguments aren't what's important. People disagree of these things. Coyne and Collins represent two different sides of the arguments. It's only towards the end of the blog that things get interesting. Moving away from the specific philosophical questions, Coyne turns his attention to the principle. Francis Collins is employed by the American government in one of the most public positions in all of science. And because of this foray into religion, Coyne thinks Collins should resign.
Enough is enough. Collins is director of the NIH, and is using his office to argue publicly that scientific evidence—the Big Bang, the “Moral Law” and so forth—points to the existence of a God. That is blurring the lines between faith and science: exactly what I hoped he would not do when he took his new job.
... He’s the chief government scientist, but he won’t stop conflating science and faith. He had his chance, and he blew it. He should step down.
It's a very serious thing to call for the resignation of a public figure like that, even in these Tea Party days. You better have some good arguments to back it up if you do. Does Coyne have those arguments? No, not in my humble opinion.
Coyne presents two arguments, one more explicit than the other.
First, he points to public opinion and how Christianity dominates American culture. Because of this dominance, Collins gets away with saying that science, properly understood, fits with Christianity. Coyne points out that if Collins made the same claim about atheism, Scientology or Islam, people would be outraged. That's probably true. But so what? What sort of argument is that? And coming from an atheist? From a scientist? Surely Coyne agrees that public opinion is irrelevant when it comes to assessing the merit of ideas and significance of scientific discoveries, regardless of whether that opinion is for or against that merit and significance. What Coyne is saying, really, is that, in a hypothetical situation, Collins' interpretation of scientific discoveries would create outrage. And so he should resign. I'm sorry, but that's just not reasonable.
The other, more implied argument, is that it's wrong to blur the lines between science and religion, wrong to conflate the two. And since Collins did just that by editing and writing in the book in question, he should resign. First, it is true that Collins does indeed blur the lines, in as much as he lets his science inform his faith and vice versa. I'm not sure, since I haven't read Coyne's book (which, now that you mention it, I probably should - it looks good), but something tells me that Coyne does the same, drawing atheistic implications from science. If I'm wrong correct me. But whatever the case might be, it's a very large jump from disagreeing with the way someone sees the relationship between science and religion, to calling for the resignation of that person. It's not a merited jump. As far as I know, Collins hasn't violated any contractual terms. In fact, the case can be made that he is fulfilling his role as furthering the acceptance and understanding of the sciences by making them more acceptable for religious people. I know that Coyne disagrees with this and that's his right, of course. But, again, the leap from disagreeing with the opinion of a public figure to calling for their resignation is unmerited and, I think, going way, way too far. It's hubris to do so.
I'm sorry Dr. Coyne, but appealing to hypothetical outrage is not good enough. Simply assuming and asserting that your conception of things is the right one and anyone disagreeing with that conception isn't fit for a public position isn't good enough either. It's your right to disagree, even vehemently, with Dr. Collins. That's fine. But calling for his resignation on that basis? I'm sorry, but that's completely unreasonable.




